Verb tenses Essay Example

Action word tenses Essay Example Action word tenses Essay Action word tenses Essay A Put in the action words in sections in the right tenses. Model: The sun now. (to sparkle) Answer: The sun is sparkling at this point. 1) We TV when it began to rain. (to watch) 2) I to visit you yesterday, yet you not at home. (to need) (to be) 3) Look! It , so we cant to the sea shore. (to rain) (to go) 4) There are a ton of mists! It soon. (to rain) 5) The sun in the East. (to rise) 6) Since 2003 they their child consistently. (to visit) 7) While the specialist Mr Jones, his child outside toward the beginning of today. (to analyze) (to pause) 8) I for my sweetheart for two hours. (to pause) ) After Larry the film on TV, he chose to purchase the book. to see) 10) Wait a moment, I this case for you. (to convey) B Tense Recognition John has consistently voyage Tense? a great deal. Actually, when he was Tense? just two years of age when he originally flew Tense? to the US. His mom is Tense? Italian and his dad is Tense? American. John was brought into the world Tense? in France, howe ver his folks had met Tense? in Cologne, Germany after they had been living Tense? there for a long time. They met Tense? at some point while Johns father was perusing a book in the library and his mom plunked down Tense? close to him. Tense? Anyway, John voyages Tense? parcel since his folks likewise travel Tense? a great deal. Actually, John is visiting Tense? his folks in France right now. He lives Tense? in New York presently, however has been visiting Tense? his folks for as long as hardly any weeks. He truly appreciates Tense? living in New York, however he likewise adores staying with his folks in any event once per year. This year he has flown more than 50,000 miles for his Job. He has been working Tense? for Jackson Co. for just about two years now. Hes Tense? almost certain that damnation be working for them one year from now also. His Job requires Tense? parcel of movement. Indeed, before the current year's over, damnation have voyage Tense? more than 120,000 miles! His next Journey will be Tense? to Australia. He truly doesnt like Tense? going to Australia since it is up until this point. This time he is going to fly Tense? from Paris after a gathering with the companys French accomplice. Damnation have been sitting Tense? more than 18 hours when he shows up! John was talking Tense? with his folks prior tonight when his better half from New York called Tense? to tell him that Jackson Co. had chosen Tense? to converge with an organization in Australia. The two organizations had been arranging Tense? for as far back as month, so it truly wasnt Tense? a very remarkable shock. Obviously, this implies Tense? that John should get Tense? the following plane back to New York. Hellfire be meeting with his manager right now tomorrow. C Tense Conjugation when he first Tense? (fly) to the US. His mom Tense? (be) Italian and his dad Tense? (be) American. John Tense? _(be) conceived in France, however his (meet) in Cologne, Germany after they Tense? (live) there for guardians Tense? five years. They Tense? (meet) at some point while Johns father Tense? peruse) an ook in the library and his mom Tense? (plunk down) adjacent to him. Anyway, John (travel) a great deal since his folks additionally Tense? (travel) a great deal. Actually, John Tense? (visit) his folks in France right now. He Tense? (live) in New York presently, however Tense? (visit) his folks for as far back as hardly any weeks. He truly Tense? (appreciate) living in New York, howeve r he additionally Tense? (love) staying with his folks in any event once per year. This year Tense? (fly) more than 50,000 miles for his Job. He Tense? (work) for Jackson Co. for just about two years now. He (be) almost certain that heTense? ork) for them one year from now also. His activity Tense? _(require) a great deal of movement. Indeed, before the current year's over, heTense? (travel) more than 120,000 miles! His next Journey Tense? (be) to Australia. He (dislike) going to Australia since it is up until now. This time he Tense? (fly) from Paris after a gathering with the companys French accomplice. He Tense? (fly) for more than 18 hours when he Tense? (show up)! John Tense? (talk) with his folks prior tonight when his better half from New York Tense? (phone) to tell him that Jackson Co. Tense? (choose) to converge with an ompany in Australia. The two organizations Tense? (arrange) for as far back as month, so it truly Tense? (not be) a very remarkable astonishment. Obviously, this Tense? (imply) that John Tense? (need to get) the following plane back to New York. He (meet) with his supervisor right now tomorrow. C Complete this letter. Dear John: Well, I (show up) † securely fourteen days prior. The flight (be) † fine, yet somewhat long. I (watch) † two movies and (eat) † two morning meals! Much obliged to you for everything. I (have) † a great time with you in London. Everything here 0k now. I (send) † Just † you some photographs of my town. It would be ideal if you (be) † altogether different from your city. I (compose) this letter outside in the nursery and I (sit) under a major umbrella in light of the fact that the sun is extremely blistering today. It (be) so hard for me to begin work after my vacation, yet it (be) † (answer) me soon, and thank you again for the awesome time. All the best! Subside D Rewrite these sentences. 1 She made tea. At that point she washed the dishes. (after) 2 Sally came to live here 20 years prior. (for) 3 Do you realize how to play tennis? (ever) 4 1 asylum t seen him since we completed school (last time) 5 Thanks, however I ate prior. (as of now) Exercise An: Answer key 1) We were sitting in front of the TV when it began to rain. 2) I needed to visit you yesterday, however you were not at home. 3) Look! It is coming down, so we cannot go to the sea shore. 4) There are a great deal of mists! It will rain soon. 5) The sun ascends in the East. 6) Since 2003 they have visited their child consistently. 7) While the specialist was inspecting Mr Jones, his child was holding up outside toward the beginning of today. 8) I have been hanging tight for my better half for two hours. 9) After Larry had seen the film on TV, he chose to purchase the book. 10) Wait a moment, I will convey this case for you.

economic change Essay Example For Students

monetary change Essay On the planet as of now the monetary change was going on at a quickened speed and this affected Canada. Industrialization began a totally different upheaval in Canada. The development from horticultural home to mechanical base residence was starting. Additionally in this monetary change there was a move in the development of businesses in the city. Individuals worked in the city however their homes were out in the nation, so they needed to move to the city. This caused a development in the quantity of individuals living in urban areas, which implied the urban communities needed to develop. Regardless of the bigger quantities of individuals coming over from horticultural too modern the proportion of ranchers to assembly line laborers was 4:1. Presently with ranchers turning out to be assembly line laborers there could be a few changes in our innovation uncommonly in the field of transportation. From the industrial facilities began to come developments that could support people travel quicker than their grandparents or their folks could have envisioned. The advancement of these things that are still around today would change history. The improvements were thing like trains, electrical streetcars, and bicycles. On account of these creations the urban areas had the option to move further separated so that there was more space. Individuals didn't need to rest as near their work structures. With such an excess of occurring, other thing started to improve also, for example, the ways of life. Things were starting to modernize, for example, lodging, clinical, and hygine, were getting increasingly standard throughout everyday life. On account of the processing plants, hygine started with progressively sterile strategies, for example, managing human waste. The latrine was imagined by Tomas Crapper. The toilets that Crapper brainstormed, were mass created in light of the manufacturing plants. So we can say change in economy brings incredible things for the nation. In spite of the fact that our Economic was experiencing a wide range of changes Canada despite everything had some solidness. We had political steadiness. Canada was initially British possessed and Queen Victoria controlled over Canada for a long time. Being a piece of Britain had numerous favorable circumstances, for example, being separated of the most hardened rulers on earth. The British possessed close to 20% of earth which is dispense. England was what the United States are today. They were in all probability dreaded and regarded all around the globe. An impediment to being separated of Britain was that Canada needed to be its own country and not seen as only a British state. Canada needed to begin the quest for its patriotism which it got in the year 1876. Considerably greater dependability was that Canada and the USA were having no more wars with each other. Additionally the conclusion to servitude which came in 1833 is as yet stable even today. Indeed, even with everything t ransforming you can generally discover some soundness. The progressions that occurred in our Social and Cultural in this time are the things that make Canada extraordinary. The conclusion to bondage wants Canada and the British that year in 1833. It finished in America in 1865. Instruction becomes compulsary and all inclusive for finding a new line of work with modern realtions. Which was the gap reason we currently have such extraordinary technoigies and increment in proficiency. The provincial and uran move turned into a land slide at this point the proportion of factrory specialist to the ranchers was 4:1 an immediate change from the 1:4 we had not long previously and a little into the turn of the century. Still in this time ladies were considered non people until some were between 1900-1920 where that were viewed as individuals by the legislature. Right now our migration number shot far up to 2 million individuals every year. They desired a wide range of reasons, for example, over crowed spots and families being commenced their prope rty. They saw banners advertisming free land in Canada so they moved here to begin once again and start their new lives as Canadians. These alterations in Canada is actually what makes our country so incredible thus very much regarded the world over.

The Psychology and Methods of Learning

The Psychology and Methods of Learning Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Understanding the Psychology of Learning The Psychology of How We Learn By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on May 07, 2019 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology From the day we are born, we begin a process of learning that lasts throughout life. While there are many ways to define and describe learning, it is typically defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience. Lets explore several different theories of learning. The Power of Associations Youve probably heard of Pavlovs dogs at some point, but many people dont fully understand exactly what this famous research illustrates. Classical conditioning is one of the best-known concepts of behavioral learning theory. In order to understand how people learn, you first need to start by discovering the powerful role that associations can play in the learning process. Discover  more about this process in this introduction to classical conditioning. Classical Conditioning Basics Now that you understand how classical conditioning works, it is also important to understand some of the basic phenomena that also occur during this process. Learn more about acquisition, extinction, and discrimination in this overview of principles of classical conditioning. The Consequences of Behavior Clearly, learning involves a lot more than just learning associations. Direct experience with your environment that results in desirable outcomes or negative outcomes can also shape how and what people learn. Operant conditioning is one of the fundamental concepts in behavioral psychology. This type of learning involves using reinforcement and punishment to either increase or decrease behaviors. Learn more about the effects of rewards and punishments on behavior in this overview of operant conditioning. How Timing Impacts Learning The types of reinforcement use are important, but timing also plays a critical role in how quickly new behaviors are acquired and how strong these new responses are. If you are rewarded for an action so long after it occurred that you are unable to form an association between the two events, for example, then it is unlikely that learning will occur. Learn more about how the timing of reinforcement impacts the speed and strength of responses in this article on schedules of reinforcement. Classical Versus Operant Conditioning Now that weve explored classical conditioning and operant conditioning, do you think you could immediately identify which is which? This can often be a confusing area for many students, but a few basic pointers can help you keep the two processes straight. In a classroom setting, chances are good that your instructor will provide some examples of learning and expect you to identify which type of conditioning is used. Read the following article to learn more about the major differences between classical and operant conditioning. Learning Through Observation You  may have already guessed, but learning does not necessarily require that we personally experience an event or outcome. In some cases, simply watching other people can lead to learning. Psychologist Albert Bandura proposed social learning theory, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning. As you can imagine, a great deal of learning takes place simply by watching the people around us. Learn more about the basic concepts and how the process works by diving into observational learning theory. How Does Observational Learning Actually Work?

Essay about Ray Charles - 2718 Words

Ray Charles Ray Charles was a revolutionary pianist and a soul singer who helped shape the sound of rhythm and blues. He brought a soulful sound to everything from country music to pop standards to â€Å"God Bless America.† His birth name was Ray Charles Robinson, but he shortened it when he entered show business to avoid confusion with the famous boxer Sugar Ray Robinson. I chose Ray Charles as the topic for my paper after seeing the movie Ray. After viewing this film I realized that there was a lot of interesting information about Ray Charles that I had never heard about. Therefore, the focus of my paper is to learn who Ray Charles really was and to discuss his life and achievements. The Early Years Ray Charles was born in†¦show more content†¦During this time he started recording and achieved his first hit song in 1951. The song was titled â€Å"Baby, Let Me Hold Your Hand.† When Charles first began singing many felt as though his sound and piano playing resembled those of Nat King Cole and Charles Brown. Ray was quoted saying, â€Å"When I started to sing like myself - as opposed to imitating Nat Cole, which I had done for a while – when I started singing like Ray Charles, it had this spiritual and churchy, this religious or gospel sound. It had this holiness and preachy tone to it. It was very controversial. I got a lot of criticism for it.† - (San Jose Mercury News, 1994) Charles soon became more innovative when he realized that his first recordings were only skillful imitations of his heroes. After joining Atlantic Records, Charles’s sound became more and more original and found breaking. He took many tunes from gospel mu sic and put them to secular lyrics performed in front of a jazz lineup playing RB with exceptionally tight arrangements. He sometimes even added a country music feel to some of his arrangements for example in his version of Hank Snow’s â€Å"I’m Moving On.† The Middle Years â€Å"Do it right or don’t do it at all. That comes from my mom. If there’s something I want to do, I’m one of those people that won’t be satisfied until I get it done. If I’m trying to sing something and I can’t get it, I’m going to keep at it until I get it where I want it.† -Show MoreRelatedEssay about Ray Charles Robinson1095 Words   |  5 PagesRay Charles Robinson Ray Charles Robinson, more commonly known as Ray Charles (to avoid confusion with boxer Sugar Ray Robinson), was born in the southern city of Albany, GA on September 23, 1930. He was a prolific, multi-talented singer, pianist, bandleader, and composer who, when on stage captivated his audience not only by his musical ability, but also because he was a blind, African American man. He was given the nickname â€Å"the Genius† for his capability of combining the musicRead MoreLife and Music of Ray Charles Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesLife and Music of Ray Charles The history of musicians is a very interesting subject. There are thousands and millions of interesting types of musicians. Ray Charles was a very talented musician. His focus was on Soul Music, which was Jazz combined with Gospel music. Jazz was also a big focus of his music. Ray Charles wasn’t like other musicians. He was a blind musician. Many often wonder how someone can be blind and also be a musician, but Ray Charles was a fine example to show that it was possibleRead MoreThe Impact Of Ray Charles On American Culture1164 Words   |  5 Pages The impact that Ray Charles has had on American culture is nearly indescribable. Although unable to see, he was successful in making his artistic visions come to life by fusing the sounds of blues, gospel, jazz, and RB, making him one of the leading soul artists of the 1950s. The legendary musician is recognized for being a pillar in the industry, credited with making strides in desegregating musical genres. Although he composed many of his early hits, Charles is considered to be an interpreterRead More The Legendary Musician, Ray Charles Robinson Essay532 Words   |  3 PagesThe Legendary Musician, Ray Charles Robinson Ray Charles Robinson was born on September 23, 1930 in Albany Georgia. His father was Bailey Robinson, a railroad repair man, and his mother was Retha. His father never married his mother. His legal wife was Mary Jane, who also helped to raise Charles. By the time he was three, young Charles was learning to play the piano. When he was five his brother, who was three at the time, drowned. A few months later Charles got the disease that wouldRead More ray charles Essay995 Words   |  4 Pages Ray Charles nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the 1930s many black musicians where coming out of the south. One especially who would soon top the charts and hit fame and fortune starting in his young years, Ray Charles. After conquering poverty, blindness and many other things, success was possible. In his young age he had a few losses in his family and near after came down with a disease which was causing him to go blind. He later came over the blindness and was able to learn and compose musicRead MoreRay Charles : The Devil s Advocate And La Bamba1072 Words   |  5 PagesThe biography/drama based on the worldwide entertainer Ray Charles is directed by Taylor Hackford, who is known for his other works such as The Devil’s Advocate and La Bamba. In this 2004 film, Hackford along with sound designer Scott Sanders, sound supervisor Karen Baker Landers and composer Craig Armstrong musically bring to life the life of the famous performer. The introduction credits of the film begin with complete silence, at first I was worried that there was something wrong with my computerRead MoreRay Charles683 Words   |  3 PagesRay Charles Is it justifiable or not for him to take gospel music and turn the song into secular songs? Explain whether it was right or wrong. What motivated Ray Charles to experiment with so many genres of music? Was Ray Charles responsible for Margie Hendrix’s early death? Why/Why not? Use one word to describe Ray Charles and explain why. It was justifiable for Ray Charles to take gospel music and turn the song into secular because a new generation was arising. In a community where differentRead MoreRay Charles2786 Words   |  12 PagesRay Charles The Life and Legacy of a Genius Ray Charles was a revolutionary pianist and a soul singer who helped shape the sound of rhythm and blues. He brought a soulful sound to everything from country music to pop standards to God Bless America. His birth name was Ray Charles Robinson, but he shortened it when he entered show business to avoid confusion with the famous boxer Sugar Ray Robinson. I chose Ray Charles as the topic for my paper after seeing the movie Ray. AfterRead MoreRay Charles Addiction827 Words   |  4 PagesRay Charles was suffering from substance abuse disorder. Substance disorder is defined as a complex behavioral disorder characterized by preoccupation with obtaining alcohol or other drugs (AOD) and a narrowing of the behavioral repertoire towards excessive consumption and loss of control over consumption. It is usually also accompanied by the development of tolerance and withdrawal and impairment in social and occupational functioning. Ray Charles continued substance abuse caused fights at ho meRead MoreTrue Grit And Ray From Charles Portis s The Dog Of The South Show Devotion1369 Words   |  6 PagesWhen someone is devoted in life, they can most likely achieve their all time life goals. Mattie Ross from Charles Portis s True Grit and Ray from Charles Portis s The dog of the south show devotion throughout their novels: obsession showing devotion, revenge showing devotion, and bravery leading to devotion. Throughout True Grit Mattie is shown to be obsessive, which is shown through her devotion throughout the novel. That is my father. I stood there looking at him. What a waste! Tom Chaney

Caffe Nero - 2145 Words

What are the factors contributed to the growth of Caffe Nero in the United Kingdom market? INTRODUCTION: Caffe Nero Group Limited was founded in 1997 in South Kensington, London by Gerry Ford. It is an Italian style coffee shop and the largest independent coffee retailer in Great Britain in recent days. Now, it has over 400 stores and nearly 3000 employees in the United Kingdom. It is also to the development of overseas market, in 2007, Caffe Nero opened the store in Turkey, and after one year later, it opened the shop in the United Arab Emirates, the Middle East. Caffe Nero has a philosophy; it is very simple, which included four elements, Food, Service, Coffee and Atmosphere, especially Coffee and Atmosphere, a good coffee can give†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, it must identify the positive points and negative points in internal factors and external factors. It can divide the key pieces of information into two main aspects, the first one is Internal factors, it describes in the organisation internal environment, the ‘strengths’ and ‘weaknessesâ₠¬â„¢, the other one is External factors, it shows the ‘opportunities’ and ‘threats’ appeared by the external environment (Panagiotou G. 2003). [pic] Figure 1 People called the SWOT analysis to the SWOT matrix; it is very helpful for producing a series of alternatives for a company and an organisation or business unit based on special combinations of four directions of strategic aspects. The SWOT matrix clarifies how the external opportunities and threats confronting a company can be matched with company internal strengths and weaknesses to consequence with four directions of probable strategic alternatives. The SWOT matrix can make managers to bring about many kinds of growth and contraction measures. The SWOT matrix involves four ways; firstly, Strengths- Opportunities strategies concentrate on how to utilize strengths of a business to get a good hand of opportunities. Secondly, Strengths- Threats strategies try to use the strengths of a firm to leave a way from the threats. Thirdly, Weaknesses- Opportunities strategies aim to clear up theShow MoreRelatedCaffe Nero3562 Words   |  15 PagesExecutive summary In this report, the mission statement for Caffe Nero is make sure food and service are excellence in all four areas to achieve their aim. Besides that, Caffe Nero also providing their customers with good quality coffee and comfortable environment to their customers. There are 3 main important to be successful - A high quality and well defined offering, focus on brand value, selective site acquisition and disciplined roll-out. Next, SWOT analysis has included in this reportRead MoreAnalysis of Caffe Nero Essay4351 Words   |  18 PagesIntroduction Gerry Ford founded Caffe’ Nero in 1997. Caffe’ Nero is the biggest privately owned coffee chain in UK. His intension was to open up a chain of continental style coffee shop in UK. Currently Caffe’ Nero operates in England, Scotland, Wales, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates. Caffe’ Nero has over 400 stores and 3000 employees. Caffe’ Nero concessions in some UK major stores like Heathrow Airports, House of Fraser, bookshop chain Waterstone’s and also Caffe’ Nero Express outlets opened up inRead MoreCafe Nero Marketing Plan6124 Words   |  25 Pagesset the next market objectives and plans a one year plan strategy to reach those objectives. In the second part, this marketing plan outlines the issues that need to be considered to implement Caffà © Nero overseas by analysing of international marketing of the company. Caffà © Nero Group Plc Caffà © Nero Group Plc was founded 1977 and currently owns 290 stores from Brighton to Glasgow with  £90,7 million as turnover. We provide Italian coffee in European style coffee houses. Our philosophy consistsRead More7ps analysis for Caffe Nero Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis (7P’s) and recommendation : Caffe’ Nero Introduction Caffe’ Nero was founded by Gerry ford in 1997 which aiming to be authentically Italian, serving premium espresso-based coffee, fresh high quality food, and a neighborhood gathering spot by the end of 2000, the Nero team had built 31 cafes  and established the company as a national brand and received British Design Council award for best company identity (Official Caffe’ Nero website).  Caffe’ Nero considered themselves as bothRead MoreCafe Nero Environment, Swot Analysis, Smart Objectives Essay examples2810 Words   |  12 PagesPage Content Caffà ¨ Nero Facts 3 Environment Analysis 3 SWOT Analysis 5 SMART OBJECTIVES 6 SEGMENTATION 7 Marketing strategies 7 7Ps 8 Monitor and evaluating plan 10 Read MoreNero Cafe Financials2785 Words   |  12 PagesPROFIT CLIMBED BY 38% TO  £13.2M (2007:  £9.6M) STRONG CASH GENERATION CONTINUES TO FUND ROLL-OUT OF NEW STORES A NET INCREASE OF 61 NEW STORES DURING THE YEAR, BRINGING GROUP TOTAL TO 371 YEAR END LAUNCHED â€Å"NERO EXPRESS† CARTS FOR AIRPORT AND RAILWAY STATION HUBS: OPERATING WITH A TOTAL OF 15 NERO EXPRESS CARTS BY YEAR END (MAY 2008) ENTERED FIRST INTERNATIONAL MARKET - TURKEY. OPENED 7 STORES BY YEAR END (MAY 2008) CURRENTLY 393 STORES IN 210 UK CITIES AND TOWNS; ANTICIPATE 410 STORES BY CURRENT YEARRead More Coffee Industry in the UK Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagescoffee industry has grown rapidly since the 1990s; before Starbucks emerged, people were used to drinking low quality coffee from tins. Starbucks introduced fresh coffee made from top quality beans that have excellent taste and drinks such as the caffe latte and cappuccino, which have helped to fuel the development of the coffee market into a multi million pound industry. The size of UK branded coffee chains have quadrupled from 1999 to 2004, with a current market turnover of over  £1 billion. Read MoreOverview of the Coffee Industry Uk Essay1777 Words   |  8 PagesCompetitors Starbucks Costa Coffee Caffe Nero 6 Barriers to entry 7 Price sensitivity 8 Customer Profile 9 Supply 10 Conclusion 1 Market Overview - Value/Sales/Volume/Growth in recent years The coffee industry has grown rapidly since the 1990s; before Starbucks emerged, people were used to drinking low quality coffee from tins. Starbucks introduced fresh coffee made from top quality beans that have excellent taste and drinks such as the caffe latte and cappuccino, which have helpedRead MoreEssay about Costa Coffee Marketing Plan4148 Words   |  17 Pages |32.4% | |Starbucks Coffee Company |314 |403 |717 |23.2% | |Caffà ¨ Nero |160 |250 |410 |13.3% | |Caffà ¨ Ritazza |19 |164 |183 |5.9% | |BB’s Coffee Muffins (went out of |10 Read MoreIdentify, Analyze and Discuss Strategic Issues for Costa According to the Resource Based View (Rbv) and Its Core Competences.1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthey are utilized in order to confer Costa competitive advantage. The coffee brewing industry is a relatively recent market in expansion with little differentiation between the main competitors. In spite of the fierce competition that Starbucks, Caffe Nero and Coffee Republic have given to Costa coffee, ‘the company is the fastest growing coffee shop chain in the UK’ (Datamonitor 360, (2008), Whitbread PLC, company overview). This means that Costa coffee has successfully managed (partly at least)

Should Animals Be Kept in Zoo Free Essays

houldTopic: You are a member of your school’s debating club. Write a debating speech on the topic â€Å"Animals should never be kept in zoos†. You can either choose for or against the motion. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Animals Be Kept in Zoo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Honorable adjudicators, Ladies and gentlemen, Today’s motion is â€Å"Animals should never be kept in zoos†. Our team totally oppose to the motion. Mind the word ‘never’ is used, which gives a very extreme meaning. Our opponents may say that animals come from nature. They deserve and have to live in their own habitat to make sense. We, human beings, should never disturb them. There should be a clear boarder between them and us. However, is the really practical? The following arguments will explain. First of all, zoos keep animals for educating the public. Zoos are not amusement parks or circuses, animals are not required to be trained to perform. I hereby show sympathy for animals which are mistreated. Ladies and gentlemen, Animals in zoos are real, which attracts the public to visit. There is information about each species and visitors can know more about a variety of species if they read the descriptions. Even if not, at least they know they exist such kind of animal on earth and appreciate the biodiversity of nature. Zoos can also organize programmes and activities to enable participants to understand more about certain species in detail. Clearly, animals in zoos are valuable for educational purpose. Secondly, zoos can preserve animals. Apparently, animals can evade not only predators but also natural disasters like earthquake, hurricanes and so on so forth. This helps them to breed. Then, animals are not endangered or to face extinction. We can now protect what the nature gives us, as this is also our responsibility. In order to safeguard a diversity of species, it is of no alternatives but to keep some of them in zoos. Ladies and gentlemen, we have destroyed the nature enough since industrial revolution, it is time for us to repay and protect animals by simply keep Thirdly, animals in zoos obtain research values. Scientists are conducting researches on numerous animals. This facilitates us to understand deeply in animals. It would be difficult to randomly capture a suitable wild animal, in good condition, for experimental uses or observations. Employing animals in zoos alleviates time constraint and inadequate manpower. Ladies and gentlemen, the more we know about animals, the better we can treat them. Of course, we definitely try to preserve their habitats in nature. To achieve that, researching is the first step. My teammates Peter will further elaborate on the part of education and Mary will give more details of operating zoos. Most of us, if not all, disagree to confine all animals on earth in zoos, which is actually no possible. We just capture a few of each species for preservation, just like the seed bank for plants. Our opponent may the argue people treat them cruelly and we also cannot create the exact same environment for animals to live in. it is undeniable that artificial environment is not the exact same copy of the nature, which is what animals craving for. However, with advanced technology and better knowledge, we believe it is possible to simulate the nature for animals to live. It is not practical to refuse any degree of confinement of animals. Ladies and gentlemen, we anticipate a balanced sustainable development, which is on both environmental and economic sides, and we ignored the latter in the past. Conserving the nature has become our obligation and zoos are one of the best ways to complete this eternal task. Therefore, ladies and gentlemen, today’s motion must not stand. I rest my case. Thank you. How to cite Should Animals Be Kept in Zoo, Papers

Law Cheat Sheet free essay sample

Notes Intention – SOCIAL OR DOMESTIC- do not intend to create legal relations. Balfour v Balfour (1912) Categories of rebuttal – The nature of the document (if drafted by solicitor) Agreement may expressly state legal relations Surrounding Circumstance may indicate intention Merritt v Merritt (1970) -Significant reliance on promise- consequences are sufficiently serious. Wakeling v Ripley (1951) COMMERCIAL NATURE- do intend to create legal relations. Edwards v Skyways (1964) Rebutted- Rose Frank Co v JR Crompton Bros Ltd (1925) Letters of Comfort- State of current intentions for the future. Provide Comfort, not assurance. (Kleinwort Benson Ltd v Malaysia Mining Corporation Berhad [1981] Agreement- has been a valid offer and that it has been accepted. Manifestation by 2 or more persons to the substance of the contract. Would a reasonable person think an agreement had been entered. Can be shown by conduct. Does not have to be express words â€Å"I accept your offer† Offer: 1. Offers must be distinguished from an invitation to treat or request for information. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Cheat Sheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page – Intention to make offer- Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Balls Co. (1893) * Display of goods- Invitation to Treat. Pharmaceutical Society v Boots Cash Chemists. Request for info does not create offer- Harvey v Facey [1893] 2. Offers must be communicated to the person or persons for whom it was intended. 3. Offer can be made to particular person, persons or whole world. – smoke balls case. 4. Offers may terminate- Revocation- Dickinson v Dodds Revocation must be communicated. * Rejection: Offeree says no. * Counter-offer: offeree makes counter offer. Rejects original offer. Hyde v Wrench [1840] * Lapse of Time- specified time, or reasonable lapse. Ramsgate Victoria Hotel Co Ltd v Montefiore [1866] * Lapse by Death- Carter v Hyde Lapse by Failure of Condition: condition must happen before agreement becomes contract. Acceptance: 1. Acceptance must be in reliance on offer. R v Clarke (1927)- Tried to claim reward 2. Acceptance must be communicated- Silence is not acceptance. Fe lthouse v Bindley (1862) Postal Acceptance Rule: where acceptance by post is contemplated, acceptance occurs when letter is posted. Adams v Lindsell (1818) Communication of Acceptance- time an electronic communication is received is the time it enters an information system designated by the addressee to receive the info. If none has been designated, the time is when it comes to addressee’s attention. 3. Acceptance with condition is not acceptance. Masters v Cameron. 4. Acceptance cannot be revoked- cannot change mind after accepting, unless offeror agrees to release from contract. CONSIDERATION No consideration means it’s a gift. Consideration cannot be vague, illegal or impossible. White v Bluett (1853) son promised to stop being a spoilt brat to his father. Consideration must move from the promisee, must do something in return for promise. When acts are performed at the promisors request before any promise of payment is made a contract can exist if there was an implied understanding that complying with the request would be ultimately paid for. -â€Å"Past consideration is no consideration†, may be future or present, but not past. Roscorla v Thomas [1842] Consideration must be sufficient, adequacy is subjective and for parties to decide. Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1960] Performing an existing duty is not sufficient consideration. If already legally obliged to do something, it cannot be offered as consideration. Stilk v Myric [1809] crew members of boat. Part Payment of Debt- not sufficient consideration unless something else is provided. Pinnel’s case. â€Å"payment of a lesser sum on the day in satisfaction of a greater, cannot be satisfaction for the whole, because it appears to the judges that by no possibility a lesser sum can be satisfaction to the plaintiff for a greater sum† Part payment is acceptable if- something else is provided. – if paid before the debt is due. if paid in a different place or currency- if paid by a third party. Hirachand Punamchand v Temple [1911] GENUINE CONSENT If intention, agreement and consideration are present- prima facie contract. Following will invalidate consent: Misrepresentation, Mistake, Unconscionability. 2 outcomes for a contract that lacks consent- Void contract: contract does not exist. Voidable Contract: innocent party has right to terminate. Misrepresentation- is a false statement that induces a contract. 3 categories- Innocent: cancel contract. Negligent: cancel contract damages available. Fraudulent: Cancel contract damages in deceit. Whittington v Sean-Hayne (1900) chook farmers- Innocent misrep. Derry v Peek (1889) fraudulent misrep. Mistakes- Common: Leaf v International Galleries. Mutual: Reasonable person. Raffles v Wichelhaus (1864) Unilateral Mistake: Mistaken Identity- Boulton v Jones (1857) Nature of document- Petelin v Cullen (1975) One party, from within a limited class of people, signs a document which is fundamentally different to what they thought they were signing. UNCONSCIONABLE CONDUCT LAW- one party is at special disadvantage and the other takes unconscientious advantage of it. Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio [1983] bank loan. Special disadvantage- drunkness, sickness, illiteracy etc. Unconscientious advantage- stronger party taking advantage. Love- Louth v Diprose. TERMS- determine whether term or representation. What would a reasonable person believe to be the parties’ intention in regard to the statement. Objective factors- Time lapse. Did statement maker indicate own efforts to verify accuracy. Importance of truth of statement. Special Skills? Was oral statement followed by written document that does not include statement. Dick Bentley Productions Ltd v Harold Smith Motors Ltd – car mileage. To determine if a statement is a term of contract- 1. Is the statement a term or representation? 2. If it is a term, is it admissible as part of the contract? 3. If it is admissible is it a condition or warranty? Misrep and exclusion clause etc. If asked for advice on ANY terms look at implied terms aswell. Parole Evidence Rule: For a contract wholly in writing, other evidence is not allowed to add to, vary or contradict the written document. Whole document not whole of agreement. It operates to exlude any addition evidence that would alter the written document. -Van Den Esschert v Chappell [1960]- white ants in house, was part of contract. Collateral Contract is one where the consideration provided for the collateral promise to enter the main contrac- Del Lassalle v Guildford [1901]. Drains in working order, was not true. To be enforced, must be promissory. (JJ Savage and Sons Pty Ltd v Blakney). Collateral promise must not be inconsistent with main contract. (Hoyt’s Pty Ltd v Spencer) Condition: essential term of the contract. Innocent party has option of termination. Associated Newspapers Ltd v Bancks (1951)- Ginger Meggs. Warranty: non-essential term that only allow for damages, contract remains valid. Bettini v Gye [1876] Opera singer. Collateral promise is always a warranty. Implied Terms: By The Courts- Term must be reasonable and equitable. necessary to give business efficacy to the contract so no term will be implied if the contract is efficient without it. -so obvious that it goes without saying. –capable of clear express. –must not contradict any express terms of the contract. Bournemouth Boscombe Athletic FC v Manchester United. EXCLUSION CLAUSES- 1. The exclusion clause must be incorporated into part of the contract. 2. Must be interpreted to be wide enough to cover the legal breach. 3. The nature and extent must not have been misrepresented to the innocent party. (Curtis v Chemical Dry Cleaning Co) 4. Cannot exclude certain statutes. -Signature Rule- L’ Estrange v Graucob Ltd [1934] Terms in a signed document will be part of the contract, regardless of whether they have been read. If no signed document go through reasonable notice factors: 1. Reasonable steps must be taken to bring the clause to the attention of the party. Causer v Browne [1952]. –did not take reasonable steps. Thompson v London, Midland Scottish Railway Co [1930]. Railway took reasonable steps. 2. Notice must be before the contract is concluded. Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd [1949]- was not given notice. Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd [1971] was given notice. . If Reasonable notice was not given, has the term been incorporated by prior dealings. Balmain New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson. Had prior dealings. CLAUSE INTERPRETAT ION Contra Proferentum- states that a strict construction will be applied against the person seeking to rely on the clause. Any ambiguity will be read in favour of the injured party. White v John Warick Co Ltd [1953]. Bought bike that broke. Was not liable under contract but was under negligence. 4 Corners Rule: states that only breaches within the normal operation of the contract are covered by the exclusion clause. City of Sydney Council v West (1956). Car was stolen by taking customers parking ticket. Exclusion clause could not be implied. Where the nature of extent of the clause is misrepresented, the clause is not effective, even when signed. Curtis v Chemical Cleaning Dyeing Co company was liable. Clause cannot exclude some sections of TPA. REMEDIES- Termination : Right to terminate arises when a condition has been breached. Damages: place the injured party, so far as money can, in the same position as if the contract had been performed. Specific Performance: court ordering the party who breached the contract to carry out their contractual obligations, unavailable if damages is an adequate remedy. Injunction: court order that prohibits a party either from doing an act, continuing to do an act or repeating an act. IMPLIED TERMS UNDER STATUTE. It is an implied condition that the seller has title to goods, and therefore the right to sell them (TPA s69) Can recover from someone you sells you stolen goods as don’t have title. S68 states implied terms in TPA can not be excluded by agreement. DESCRIPTION- Where goods are sold by description buyer relies on seller’s description) it is an implied condition that the goods will correspond with their description (TPA s70) Varley v Whipp [1900] – Second hand reaper with more miles than described. Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd [1972] Mink food, mink died but still mink food. MERCHENTABLE QUALITY- implied condition that the goods will be of a m erchantable quality (TPA s 71) FITNESS FOR PURPOSE- a buyer explicitly or impliedly makes known their purpose for a particular product, and the seller’s judgment is relied on, there is an implied condition that the goods are reasonably fit for their purpose. TPA s17) SERVICES- is an implied warranty that services will be rendered with due care and skill and any materials supplied in connection with that service will be fit for purpose (TPA s74) Take action against manufacturer. –s74B- Fitness for Purpose. –s74C Correspondence with description. S74D Merchantable Quality. S74 E- Sale by sample. S74F must ensure there is a reasonable availability of repair facilities and spare parts. S74G Failing to comply with an express warranty about the goods. If retailer is sued, could seek indemnity from manufacturer if the problem is their fault. (s74H) Manufacturers and importers liable for -defective products- means that the safey of the product is not to the level that generally expected. (S75AC) Manufacturers are liable for defective goods that cause injury (s75AD), to third parties (s75AE), to personal/household domestic goods (s75AF) and to land/buildings (s75AG). Misleading or deceptive conduct- TPAs52 a corporation shall not, in trade or commerce, engage in conduct that is misleading or deceptive, or is like to mislead or deceive. Disclaimers and fine print- should be prominent enough to form part of the audience’s overall impression of the advertisement. Remedies- court may order damages under s82 or injunction under s80 Unconscionable Conduct- TPAs51AA – a corporation must not, in trade or commerce, engage in conduct that is unconscionable within the meaning of the unwritten law, from time to time, of the States and Territories. Does not apply if covered by s51AC unconscionable conduct in business transactions. Company must not be unfair when it makes deals with any person or non publicly listed company. S51AB- supply of goods or services to consumers. Are the terms or the contract reasonably necessary to protect the legitimate interests of the corporation? Any undue influence, pressure or unfair tactics were used. ACCC v Lux Pty Ltd . TORTS Negligence- Test: The def. owes a duty of care to the pl. – The def. breaches that duty. – The breach causes recognized damage to the pl. – The def. has no defences. 1. Duty of Care- Occupirers owe a duty of care to invited visitors. (Australian Safeway Stores v Zalunza) Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] snail in drink. Prove duty of care- precedent eg. Doctor/patient, solicitor/client, teacher/student, parent/ child, land/entrants. Manufacturers owe a duty of care to consumers. Neighbour principle. Hackshaw v Shaw (1984)- occupier/entrant, farmer that shot at car. Did owe duty of care. If novel case- Reasonable Foreseeability- would a reasonable person have foreseen that the pl. may suffer harm as a result of def. actions. Chapman v Hearse – car overturned, doctor died trying to help. Duty was owed. Hay v Young [1943] pl. tried to sue cyclist who ran into tram. Was not reasonably foreseeable that she would be injured from this. Salient Features- Vulnerability of the pl. (can they protect themselves from harm? Perre v Apand Pty Ltd (1999) * what level of control over the situation does the def. have? 2. Breach of Duty- A person must show the standard of care of a reasonable person in the circumstances. No breach unless- 1. The risk was foreseeable (section 9(1)(a). 2. The risk was not insignificant (section 9(1)(b). 3. A reasonable person in the position of the def. would have taken the precautions against the risk of harm (section 9(1)(c) The court c onsiders these factors (section 9(2)- The probability that the harm would occur if care were not taken. – The likely seriousness of harm. The burden of taking precautions to avoid the risk of harm. – the social utility of the activity that creates the risk of harm. Professionals have a higher standard of care. 3. Damage- Causation- CLA s11. 1) the breach of duty was a necessary condition of the occurrence of the harm (factual causation) 2) It is appropriate for the scope of liability of the person in breach to extend to the harm so caused (scope of liability) – specific damage must be foreseeable. The Wagon Mound (no1) Novus Actus Interveniens- something not foreseeable happens that breaks the chain of causation. Yates v Jones (1990) 4. Defences- 2 defences to negligence- Voluntary assumption of risk. – Contributory Negligence. Voluntary assumption of risk- complete defence. (Insurance Commissioner v Joyce) Must prove the pl. was fully aware of the specific risk. And- freely consented to it. CLA ss13-19- obvious risk. Ie. A risk that would have been obvious to a reasonable person in the position of the pl. Includes risks that have low chance of occurring. Does not include the risk that the defendant has not properly maintained something. s13) S14- a person is presumed to be aware of an obvious risk unless they can prove otherwise. Contributory Negligence- The plaintiff was negligent in looking after their own interests. CLA S23 states that the same factors apply to the pl. as for the normal standard of care in s9 for the defendant. . S47 creates a presumption of CN if a person is injured while intoxicated (damages are reduced by 25%) and s48 creates a presumption of CN if a person was injured while relying on the skill of someone known to be intoxicated. (Joslyn v Berryman) VICARIOUS LIABILITY – person is liable for another’s negligence. Employee/ employer relationship. Test: Does the employer have the right to exercise control over not only what the employee does but also the manner in which the employee does it. (Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd (2001)) – bicycle courier who knocked someone over. In the course of employment: employee acts in the course of employment when performing tasks that he or she was employed to do or are related to employment. Century Insurance v Northern Ireland Road Transport Board petrol tanker exploded after dude lit a cigarette. Not liable for actions unrelated to employment. Deatons Pty Ltd v Flew (1949) NEGLIGENT MISSATEMENT – can be sought whether there has been a contract or not. L Shaddock Associates Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council (1981) road widening. How to establish duty of care- is it reasonably foreseeable that a failure to take care could cause the type of harm (pure economic loss) to the type of defendant? Salient Features- Reasonable reliance- special skills of the advisor. –how was the advice given. – length of relationship between parties. whether a reasonable person would rely solely on the advice. Assumption of Responsibility- did the advisor hold themselves out as an expert? –did the advisor encourage reliance? This proves duty of care was owed. Still need to go through Breach (s9), Causation( s11) , Defences (ss 13, 14, 23, 47, 48). LIABILITY TO 3RD PARTIES. – the advisor must know or ought to reasonably know that the info given would be communicated to the specific third party, and – the advice would be very likely to lead that third party to enter into a transaction.